1. Century BCE

Heracles, the first hydraulic engineer

According to historian Terje Tvedt the Greek god and hero Heracles derived from a much older Egyptian hero of similar name. The now submerged city Heracleion off the coast of the Nile delta was named after the god and Heracles plays a central role in the ancient...

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River as a landscape – Nilotic landscapes

The "Palestrina Mosaic" or "Nile mosaic of Palestrina", a town near Italy's capital Rome, is a late Hellenistic floor mosaic depicting the Nile in its passage from the Blue Nile to the Mediterranean. Around 100 BCE, Nile landscapes were quite a fashion in Roman art....

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Churning the Ocean of Milk

In Hindu cosmology there are seven oceans. One of them is the ocean of milk. In one of the most colorful episodes of Hindu scripture, the Samudra Manthana, the devas (gods) and asuras (demi-gods) team up to churn the ocean of milk to gain the nectar of immortality....

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A covenant to keep the forces of chaos at bay

The book of Jeremiah in the Hebrew Testament discusses at large an ecological crisis around 600 BCE in the so called "Fertile Crescent" (a region encompassing today's southern Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine, Israel, Egypt, and parts of Turkey and Iran)....

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Very Large Floating Structures

To answer the never-tiring desire for more space for residential buildings along the coasts - nearly 50% of the industrialized world now lives within a kilometer of the coast - floating structures are repeatedly discussed in urbanization discourse. So called VLFS,...

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The Inundation of the city of Rhodes

Greek historian Diodorus Siculus (1. Century BC) writes:"At this time occurred the third inundation of the city of Rhodes, which destroyed many of its  p353 inhabitants. Of these floods, the first did little damage to the population since the city was newly founded...

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Scipio looks back on the Ruins of Karthago

The greek historian Polybius, who lived in the era of the Punic wars around 200 BC reports about the Roman military leader Scipio after his troops conquered and burnt down Carthage: "Turning round to me at once and grasping my hand Scipio said, 'A glorious...

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